One Hadith reported that the Prophet (pbuh) said: “Gabriel (pbuh) led me in prayer at the House (ie, the Ka’bah). Hadith stated the timings of obligatory prayers as well. Fajr time is stated in one verse “and eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from its black thread (darkness of night) then complete your fast till the nightfall” (2.187). During Ramadan (the fasting month), Muslims fast from Fajr until sunset (Magrib). One verse states “Perform As-Salāt (prayer) from mid-day till the darkness of the night (ie, the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha prayers), and recite the Qur’an in the early dawn (ie, the morning Fajr prayer)” (17.78). The timing of prayers is mentioned collectively in the Qur’an. It is preferred to pray Isha before midnight, but most Muslims pray Isha around 2 hours after sunset. Isha prayer time starts when the red light is gone from the western horizon, and lasts until the rise of the “white light” (true dawn) on the eastern horizon. You should pray as long as you feel active, and when you get tired sleep” (SB 1099). He said “What is this rope ?” The people said “This rope is for Zainab who, when she feels tired holds it (to keep standing for the prayer.)” The Prophet (pbuh) said “Don’t use it. A third Hadith describes how the Prophet (pbuh) entered the Mosque and saw a rope hanging between its two pillars. Another Hadith says, “If anyone of you feels drowsy while praying he should go to bed (sleep) until his slumber is over” (SB 210). One Hadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari (SB) states that the Prophet (pbuh) told one of his companions who was praying the whole night to “Offer prayers and also sleep at night, as your body has a right on you” (SB 1874). Several Hadith by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) stressed this point. 6, 7 However, Islamic literature first emphasized the importance of getting enough sleep at night approximately 1400 years ago. Modern medicine has demonstrated that sleep has essential physiological functions, and sleep deprivation has deleterious effects on a number of bodily functions. 1, 4, 5 However, this article uses citation of the Qur’an and Hadith as the main sources of Islamic jurisdiction to summarize the traditional Islamic views of sleep and discuss the similarities with contemporary sleep research. Other religions and cultures may have rich references to sleep and sleep habits. For the Hadith citations, we refer to the cited book and the Hadith number. Note in this work that Qur’an citations are two digits separated by a period the first is the sūra number, and the second is the verse number (sūra.verse). 3 The Hadith were appraised and gathered mostly during the eighth and ninth centuries. The Hadith are the narrations concerning the words and deeds of the Prophet (pbuh) and are an important tool for understanding and interpreting the Qur’an. The Qur’an contains 114 sūrat, which were revealed from God (Allāh) to the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him (pbuh), through the angel Gabriel between 610 and 632 CE. The two sources of Islamic legislation are the Qur’an and the Hadith. One Qur’anic verse says, “And among His signs is your sleep by night and by day and your seeking of His bounty, verily in that are signs for those who hearken” (30.23). 1, 2 Islam considers sleep to be one of the great signs of the creator (Allāh) and asks followers to explore this sign. Religious literature is rich in descriptions of sleep, and sleep practices and habits are usually influenced by culture and religion.
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